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Danny J. Anderson and Jill S. Kuhnheim, eds. Cultural Studies in the Curriculum:
Teaching Latin America. New York: MLA, 2003. 249p.
J.P. Spicer-Escalante
Utah State University
Although cultural purists
may cringe, it is an increasingly well-recognized fact that Cultural Studies as
a broad theoretical corpus which highlights the notion of integrating a
plethora of popular -- and, thus, often marginal -- cultural manifestations into
the mainstream of cultural analysis is gradually winning the battle over tradition,
making serious inroads into the community of cultural critics who have embraced
this discipline's insights into understanding a broader sense of culture in a
culturally more integrated world. Thus, while traditionalists can still be
overhead remarking that Cultural Studies is -- or, perhaps, should have been --
only a flash in the proverbial critical pan, Cultural Studies in the
Curriculum: Teaching Latin America seeks
to prove that this discipline is not only surviving, but thriving in the
post-Cold War, globalized world. Their particular focus on Latin America as a
yet marginal but prominent and important creator of cultural artifacts
highlights the demand for such cultural production in the U.S. that can easily
be noted for things culturally "Latin" over the last two decades and
demonstrates the urgency for such a cultural primer in the U.S. college
classroom so as to keep up with the cultural times.
Editors Anderson and Kuhnheim's introductory chapter, "Introduction: From Culture
into Cultural Studies in Latin America," serves as a broad treatise on the
growth and validity of Cultural Studies as an all-encompassing discipline which
readily embraces interdisciplinary approaches to a multitude of areas of
cultural inquiry. Their historical survey, thus, traces the recent blossoming
of Cultural Studies from its inception in the 1950s; its notably working class,
Marxist roots at the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in the
mid-1960s; the broad growth of interdisciplinary fields of area studies in the
U.S. in the post-WWII era, as well as the critical contribution made by New
Criticism vis-à-vis the Latin American "Boom" movement in the 1960s
and 1970s; and its first formal manifestations in U.S. Academies -- and later,
academic presses -- via the seminal Cultural Studies conferences held in the
early 1990s at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. Yet, not to lose focus -- as their goal is to highlight Latin
America and Latin American cultural production and its uses in the U.S. college
classroom -- the editors also note that a Cultural Studies tradition has
existed in highly integrative and hybrid Latin American critical circles for
ages, a point that links their historical survey of the discipline to their
ultimate goal: to provide U.S. academics who teach "Latin America"
with not only a tradition from which they may start on their paths towards
bringing Cultural Studies approaches to their classrooms, but also specific
pedagogical techniques with which they may more effectively incorporate the
continent and its cultural production into U.S. academic curricula. To this
end, Anderson and Kuhnheim posit highly cogent arguments in favor of the
incorporation of Cultural Studies into the classroom -- the need to examine
culture and society at large, not only via conventional disciplinary means; to
seek meaning in a variety of forms of cultural production to which students are
now more accustomed given the highly globalized world in which they live; to shift
the traditional notion of cultural analysis based on literary, historical and
linguistic approaches by incorporating the expressive forms and social
practices associated with marginal groups, and popular and mass cultures into
the field of cultural analysis -- via specific pedagogical projects related to
Latin American and Latin American cultures. In closing their introduction,
Anderson and Kuhnheim provide a broad selection of suggested Cultural Studies
readings with which interested parties may engage to broaden their knowledge of
the discipline as a whole before embarking on their own incorporation of
Cultural Studies into their respective syllabi.
The remainder of Cultural Studies in the Curriculum: Teaching Latin America
is a four-part proposal of how to meet the specific
goal of incorporating Latin America into the college classroom via the study of
highly topical and engaging subject matter. Part one, "Situating
Pedagogy" offers specific reflections from Gustavo Verdesio, Jesse Alemán
and Piers Armstrong on theoretical and pedagogical approaches to teaching
Colonial Studies, Chicano Studies and Brazilian civilization within the
Cultural Studies framework. Part two, "Thematic Practices," offers a
series of approaches from Luis Fernando Restrepo, Jill S. Kuhnheim, and Danny
J. Anderson to teaching the Latin American city, Poetry and Cultural Studies,
and Cultural Studies and Business Spanish from a standpoint that also offers a
critique of imperialism. Part three, "Cultural Identities," focuses
on the intersection of cultures and identities in the Caribbean, Hawaii and in
the fertile terrain of gender studies, in chapters by Kirwin R. Shaffer, Joy
Logan, and Robert McKee Irwin. In a highly valuable appendix, the editors have
brought together a sampling of six syllabi prepared by authors Verdesio,
Alemán, Armstrong, Restrepo, Anderson, and McKee Irwin, which run the gamut of
the Latin American concepts which they address in their individual chapters.
While the previous sections offer great abstract rigor to the discussion of how
Latin America and Cultural Studies can, indeed, fruitfully intersect, the
appendix is, perhaps, the most useful to U.S. academics in search of bringing
the continent and its cultural manifestations into focus for their own classrooms,
as they are concrete evidence as to how it has -- and thus, can be -- done on a
pragmatic scale.
As part of the MLA "Teaching Languages, Literatures, and Cultures"
series, one would expect the theoretical, practical and overall scholarly rigor
which is found in Cultural Studies in the Curriculum: Teaching Latin America.
However, with the ever-increasing numbers of not
only a "globalized" American populace but also a U.S. raised, but
foreign-born Latin American population attending American institutions of
higher education, this collection of reflections on -- and practical guide to
how to implement -- Cultural Studies is also a highly opportune work that all
people who work in the area of Latin American cultural production should
consider perusing before preparing their next course syllabus on Latin America.
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