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Adrian Del Caro and Janet Ward, eds. German Studies in the
Post-Holocaust Age:
The Politics of Memory, Identity, and Ethnicity.
Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2000. 256p.
Rachel J. Halverson
Washington State University
This volume contains twenty-three articles that were first presented
at the international interdisciplinary symposium "1945-1995: The
Changing Faces of German Studies," which the two editors organized
at the University of Colorado in 1995. In their preface, Del Caro
and Ward explain the symposium's commemoration of Nazi defeat in
1945. They also point to the continuing role the Holocaust and
the Nazi period play in lay expectations for those who teach
German. In response to these expectations, the editors frame the
volume's content with the overriding call to their profession to
recognize its ever-increasing diversity, not only in the
professoriate, including a need to challenge the mistaken belief
that one is a German national if one teaches German, but also in
interdisciplinary German-studies curricula across the United
States: "Let us resolve to continue this cross-pollination; let
us resolve to humanize all studies at the university by breaking
down the disciplinary walls, by breaking down the stereotypes" (ix).
The volume's organization into four main sections evidences the
innovation, new insights, and expansion of existing disciplinary
boundaries called for by the editors in their preface: "Cultural
Philosophy and Ideologies of Identity," "Post-Holocaust Identity
Debates," "Poetry and Images After Auschwitz," and "Sites of
Meta-German Multiplicity." The first section contains articles
by two scholars of literature, three historians, and a political
scientist and touches on topics ranging from Nietzsche's legacy
to anti-Semitism and the judiciary. The most striking feature of
this section is the time span encompassed by the various
contributions. For example, Robert A. Pois connects attitudes
towards war found in responses to World War I and traces this
thread through National Socialist ideology. At the opposite end
of this time span, Thomas A. Hollweck looks at the response by
German intellectuals Jürgen Habermas and Dieter Henrich to
post-unification Germany.
In the section "Post-Holocaust Identity Debates," the contributors
focus on the German "other" in a number of contexts. Susann Samples
looks at Afro-Germans and the pressing need to redefine what
constitutes the term "German." Silvia Henke calls for the
integration of Else Lasker-Schüler, an author known for the
incredible liberties she took with identity both in her person and
in her writing, into literary history. Ruth-Ellen B. Joeres
explores the relationship between feminism and German studies.
Both Todd Herzog and Andreas Michel look at Germans and Jews and
the issue of identity.
In "Poetry and Images After Auschwitz," scholars focus on either
one or both of the section's themes. With his examination of Paul
Celan, an Eastern European Jew whose native language was German,
Adrian Del Caro returns to one of the issues broached in the
volume's preface: language and identity. Erk Grimm examines recent
German poetry in the wake of Paul Celan and Theodor Adorno. In
order to question our understanding of how we define Holocaust
poetry, Kathrin Bower delves into the dichotomy between testimonies
to the Holocaust and works written in response to the Holocaust.
Robert Shandley offers a reading of Hans-Jürgen Syberberg's
polemical book, Vom Unglück und Glück der Kunst in
Deutschland nach dem letzten Kriege. In her analysis of Ray
Müller's 1993 bio-documentary The Wonderful, Horrible Life
of Leni Riefenstahl, Janet Ward analyzes Müller's
intertwinement of documentary footage and interviews with
Riefenstahl to undermine Riefenstahl's self-construction.
The final section "Sites of Meta-German Multiplicity" contains a
mixed bag of topics. Ann Schmiesing looks at the portrayal of Nazi
Germany and the Holocaust in Norwegian Literature. In their
articles, Martin R. Dean and Karlheinz Auckenthaler argue for the
distinctive German literatures of Switzerland and Austria
respectively. Canadian universities provide the data for Kari
Grimstad's examination of literature in German studies programs,
which she argues should not be sacrificed "for the sake of
'relevance' or ease of consumption" (193). Grimstad's article
segues to the volume's final three articles, whose focus is once
again literary with Jean Wilson's examination of Heinrich von
Kleist and Christa Wolf, Alexander Honold's look at Peter Weiss
and Uwe Johnson, and Thomas Nolden's analysis of contemporary
Jewish literature. This final section takes the tendency apparent
in the previous three sections of bringing a diversity of analyses
under one heading to an extreme. When read in its entirety, this
gives one the impression that the editors simply may have
relegated articles which were poor fits with other sections to
this catch-all final section.
In sum, German Studies in the Post-Holocaust Age: The Politics
of Memory, Identity, and Ethnicity achieves the goals the
editors established in their preface. The contributors represent
a variety of disciplines and explore a breadth and depth of
"texts" spanning decades, nationalities, identities, and genres.
Furthermore, the selection of texts for each section reinforces
the editors' efforts to expand the borders of German studies.
An added bonus is that all contributions and quotations in
languages other than English have been translated, resulting
in a volume truly accessible to scholars across the boundaries
of discipline and language the editors hope to break down.
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