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Linda Hunt Beckman. Amy Levy: Her Life and Letters.
Athens: Ohio University Press, 2000.
Marianne Golding
Southern Oregon University
Linda Hunt Beckman's biography of Amy Levy breaks down into chapters
concerning the important periods in Amy Levy's life: her childhood,
her years at boarding school, her experience at Newham, Cambridge's
second college for women, and her life as a renown writer, until her
untimely death at the age of 27. The recounting of her life is
followed by all her letters, which were for the first time made
available to the public in 1990. The most fascinating part of this
book is definitely the prologue and first chapter in which we
discover the difficulties of being Jewish in 19th-century England.
This book is therefore not valuable to Victorian literature experts
alone, but also to those interested in British and Jewish cultures
in Victorian times.
Amy Levy, a well-educated and depressive young Jewish lesbian poet
of the Victorian era who takes her own life a few months short of
her 28th birthday, is at the same time representative or her era
and at odds with it. Beckman's enthusiastic style and deep knowledge
of the topic makes the reader eager to find out more about her and
her family, who, supportive of her intellectual endeavor, also
excites our curiosity.
Beckman succeeds in developing a vivid portrait of the poet as a
child and adolescent, for example capturing a lively and witty
personality. The author also offers interesting facts about Levy’s
upbringing, which is described as being typical of most Jewish
people of her generation living in England, who shared the difficult
task of holding on to their culture while trying to fit into
English Gentry.
Beckman makes it quite clear, though, that Levy doesn't fit the
stereotype of either a Victorian or Jewess of her time: she is
indeed described as a feminist who, because of her beliefs and
actions, qualifies as a New Woman. Beckman defines the New Woman
as striving "for an autonomous, achievement-oriented existence"
instead of "centering her attention on home and family" (7). Levy
sensed "an apprehension of the devaluation of women and the need
to widen their opportunities" (6).
Along with participating in redefining the role of the women of her
era, Levy tried to cope with the contradictions stemming from being
a Jew in the world of English Gentry. This conflict seems to have
triggered an identity crisis in Levy that must have surely been felt
by many other young Jews. Amy, of dark skin and unmistakable roots,
suffered her whole life from her people's appearance and conduct.
Her description of Jews led her to be accused of anti-Semitism.
Her most famous novel, Reuben Sachs, that addresses Jewish
self-hatred, created such a negative reaction that Beckman believes
it to be, with the general treatment of Victorian women poets in
these days, the cause for the darkness in which her literature was
thrown.
Her love for women also sets her apart from the mainstream, although
homoeroticism was not systematically condemned at the time. Beckman
does add though, that it was difficult "to structure one's life
around romantic relationships between women, especially for a Jewish
woman" (7). Levy first fell in a love with her heterosexual school
teacher, whom she adored "without return," as she wrote in one of
her letters to her sister. She later had several unhappy
relationships with women artists who never seemed to reciprocate
her passionate feelings for them. Her disastrous love life, along
with her identity crisis and her depression, led her to commit
suicide in 1889.
The author's approach to Levi's writings is consistently rich and
enlightening. Her best poems are reproduced, contextualized and
analyzed. Beckman deplores the fact that most critics have focused
primarily on A Minor Poet, completely leaving aside Levy's
last volume of poems. She sets out to revalorize these later works,
and succeeds in giving them justice while at the same time
recognizing the existence of Levi's poorer commercial writings.
Levy's letters fill the sixty pages that follow the recounting of
her life and the analysis of her work. The first one was written at
the age of nine, the last one in August of 1889, the month before
she committed suicide. These touching letters confirm the portrait
painted by Beckman of a witty, tortured, young woman.
Levy's life has been the subject of biographical errors and myths,
which Beckman sets out to put straight. At times, she is so intent
on setting the record that she produces quite a bit more information
than the reader may find necessary. When trying to trace down the
last weeks of Levy's life. Beckman tracks the poet's whereabouts
are tracked down with overwhelming minute detail. Eager to unravel
the events preceding the young woman's death, Beckman can be
excused for such zeal. However, the reader who has less at stake,
might find these passages at times unnecessarily drawn out. The
chapter on Levy's childhood can also be quite lengthy at times
with detailed accounts of the plays written by Amy for family
entertainment, numerous "Confessions Book" entries, and the
reproduction of too many excerpts of young Amy's letters. It
also includes excessive descriptions of the family's acquaintances
whose length cannot be justified.
Yet Beckman's biography of Levy is hard to put down; Levy's
personality draws the reader in, as does her poetry. Fortunately,
her writing, while previously not readily accessible, is now
starting to receive more attention thanks to Melvyn New's edition
of her complete works. And in the end, I would agree with Beckam's
statement that "This book too should play a part in allowing Amy
Levy to take her rightful place in literature" (214).
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